Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The process of permanently altering the natural wave pattern of hair is
described as:
a. | chemical hair softening | c. | natural hair
services | b. | chemical texture services | d. | alternative texture services |
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2.
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The tough exterior layer of the hair structure is called the:
a. | cortex | c. | cuticle | b. | strand | d. | medulla |
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3.
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To change the natural wave pattern of hair, the side bond of what layer of hair
must be broken?
a. | side | c. | cortex | b. | medulla | d. | cuticle |
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4.
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The cortex layer of the hair structure is responsible for the
hair’s:
a. | strength and elasticity | c. | porosity and
elasticity | b. | length and strength | d. | elasticity and texture |
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5.
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Another term that is used to describe the medulla of the hair structure is
the:
a. | stretch | c. | smooth | b. | effective | d. | core |
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6.
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The term used to measure the hydrogen ions in a solution that determine its
alkalinity or acidity is:
a. | possible hydrogen | c. | potential hydrogen | b. | positive hydrogen | d. | peptide ions |
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7.
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The range of numbers used in the pH scale is:
a. | 0 to 5 | c. | 0 to 10 | b. | 0 to 7 | d. | 0 to 14 |
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8.
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Chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair in order
to:
a. | expand and harden the shaft | c. | swell and set the
shaft | b. | harden and close the shaft | d. | soften and swell the shaft |
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9.
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In the restructuring process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact
cuticle requires a chemical solution that is:
a. | slightly alkaline | c. | strongly acidic | b. | mildly acidic | d. | highly alkaline |
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10.
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Chains that are formed by peptide bonds that are linked together are:
a. | polypeptide | c. | keratin | b. | amino | d. | temporary |
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11.
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Long, coiled, polypeptide chains that make up approximately 97 percent of the
hair’s structure are:
a. | keratin proteins | c. | nitrogen bonds | b. | amino proteins | d. | resistant bonds |
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12.
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A correct permanent wave service alters only what bonds?
a. | keratin bonds | c. | large bonds | b. | side bonds | d. | peptide bonds |
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13.
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The building blocks of proteins are:
a. | polypeptide chains | c. | amino acids | b. | chemical acids | d. | peptide acids |
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14.
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Chemical-based side bonds that are formed when two sulfur-type chains are joined
together are:
a. | disulfide bonds | c. | keratin bonds | b. | peptide bonds | d. | amino bonds |
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15.
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Weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between negative
and positive electrical charges are:
a. | sodium bonds | c. | disulfide bonds | b. | sulfur bonds | d. | salt bonds |
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16.
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Hydrogen bonds are easily broken by water or heat and are re-formed when the
hair is:
a. | stretched | c. | softened | b. | dried | d. | styled |
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17.
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Hair coloring products that contain metallic salts are not compatible
with:
a. | conditioning treatments | c. | color rinses | b. | neutralizers | d. | permanent waving |
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18.
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Chemical services should not be performed if the scalp analysis shows any signs
of:
a. | porosity | c. | disorders | b. | abrasions | d. | tightness |
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19.
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The term used to describe the diameter of a single strand of hair is:
a. | elasticity | c. | density | b. | porosity | d. | texture |
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20.
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The key to ensuring complete penetration of permanent wave solution on coarse
hair is:
a. | less processing time | c. | saturation of the cortex | b. | saturation of the
scalp | d. | fast processing
lotions |
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21.
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Chemical services performed on overly porous hair require solutions that
are:
a. | high pH | c. | diluted | b. | alkaline | d. | low pH |
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22.
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More than any other single factor, what determines the ability of the hair to
hold a curl?
a. | porosity | c. | elasticity | b. | absorption | d. | density |
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23.
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In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the:
a. | rod size | c. | solution | b. | wrapping method | d. | stabilizer |
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24.
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In permanent waving, the shape and type of curl are determined by the shape and
type of rod and the:
a. | long rods | c. | sectioning | b. | hair length | d. | wrapping method |
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25.
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Rods that are equal in circumference along their entire length or curling area
are:
a. | convex rods | c. | conventional rods | b. | straight rods | d. | spiral rods |
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26.
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Permanent wave rods that produce a tighter curl in the center and looser curl on
either side of the strand are:
a. | bender rods | c. | straight rods | b. | concave rods | d. | short rods |
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27.
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The wrapping technique that provides the most control over hair ends and keeps
them evenly distributed over the entire length of the rods is a:
a. | single flat wrap | c. | double flat wrap | b. | bookend wrap | d. | placed wrap |
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28.
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The wrap that is used on endpaper folded in half over the hair ends like an
envelope is a(n):
a. | double flat wrap | c. | single flat wrap | b. | bookend wrap | d. | end wrap |
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29.
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All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into:
a. | subsections | c. | parts | b. | base sections | d. | panels |
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30.
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In permanent waving, panels of hair are divided into smaller subsections
called:
a. | rod sections | c. | outer sections | b. | base sections | d. | placements |
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31.
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The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to
as:
a. | wrapping technique | c. | diagonal technique | b. | rod direction | d. | base direction |
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32.
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Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid additional:
a. | sectioning of hair | c. | increased volume | b. | stress and tension on hair | d. | curl patterns |
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33.
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The two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are:
a. | flat and spiral | c. | spiral and perpendicular | b. | croquignole and
even | d. | croquignole and
spiral |
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34.
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In the croquignole method of wrapping, the hair is wound from:
a. | scalp to ends | c. | ends to scalp | b. | longest to shortest | d. | shortest to
longest |
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35.
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Once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a
chemical reaction called:
a. | rearranging | c. | reduction | b. | normalization | d. | alkaline |
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36.
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In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of:
a. | hydrogen | c. | salt | b. | oxygen | d. | carbon |
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37.
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The most common reducing agents used are:
a. | ammonia water | c. | thioglycolic acids | b. | hydrogen peroxide | d. | hydrogen acids |
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38.
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The main active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves
is:
a. | ammonium thioglycolate | c. | alkaline acids | b. | hydrogen thioglycolate | d. | glyceryl
monothioglycolate |
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39.
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Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between:
a. | 4.5 and 5.5 | c. | 9.0 and 9.6 | b. | 6.0 and 7.0 | d. | 10.0 and 11.0 |
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40.
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Exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the solution and speeds
up:
a. | processing | c. | neutralizing | b. | conditioning | d. | formulation |
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41.
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An acid with a low pH that is the primary reducing agent in acid waves
is:
a. | glyceryl monothioglycolate | c. | sodium
hydroxide | b. | ammonium thioglycolic | d. | sodium hydrochloride |
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42.
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Most acid waves have a pH value between:
a. | 5.5 and 6.5 | c. | 9.0 and 10.0 | b. | 7.8 and 8.2 | d. | 10.1 and 10.5 |
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43.
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All acid waves have three components consisting of the waving lotion,
neutralizer, and:
a. | conditioner | c. | stabilizer | b. | prewrap | d. | activator |
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44.
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Waves that are activated from an outside heat source are considered:
a. | stabilized | c. | exothermic | b. | endothermic | d. | acid waves |
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45.
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The most common reducing agents used in thio-free waves are mercaptamine
or:
a. | oxygen | c. | ammonia | b. | cysteamine | d. | lanthionization |
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46.
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Hair that has too many disulfide bonds broken and will not hold a firm curl is
considered:
a. | underprocessed | c. | underneutralized | b. | overprocessed | d. | tinted |
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47.
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The process of stopping the action of permanent waves and hardening the hair
into its new form is:
a. | sectioning | c. | neutralization | b. | rinsing | d. | normalization |
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48.
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Two important functions performed during the neutralization process are:
a. | deactivates hydrogen and colors hair | b. | deactivates water and curls
hair | c. | activates solution and normalizes hair | d. | deactivates solution and rebuilds disulfide
bonds |
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49.
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Before applying a neutralizer to the hair, it should be thoroughly:
a. | shampooed | c. | conditioned | b. | rinsed | d. | shaped |
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50.
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In a basic perm wrap, all rods within a panel move in the same direction, and
the base control is:
a. | on base | c. | bricklaying | b. | off base | d. | half off base |
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51.
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Partings and panels that radiate throughout the curved areas of head are used
in:
a. | weave techniques | c. | basic perm wraps | b. | curvature perm wraps | d. | straight wrap
sets |
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52.
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The double rod technique is also called the:
a. | piggyback wrap | c. | spiral wrap | b. | straight wrap | d. | weave technique |
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53.
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The bands of permanent wave rods should be smooth and fastened:
a. | at a diagonal angle on top of rod | c. | twisted at sides of
rods | b. | straight across the top of the rod | d. | tightly at base
area |
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54.
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The process of rearranging the basic structure of extremely curly hair into a
straighter or smoother form is:
a. | texturizing | c. | chemical softening | b. | permanent waving | d. | chemical hair
relaxing |
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55.
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The neutralizer used in thio relaxers is an oxidizing agent, usually:
a. | ammonium thio | c. | hydrogen peroxide | b. | ammonia water | d. | hydrogen
hypochlorite |
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56.
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The active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers is the:
a. | hydrogen ion | c. | peroxide ion | b. | keratin ion | d. | lithium ion |
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57.
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Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond, converting
it into a(n):
a. | normalization bond | c. | lanthionine bond | b. | acidic bond | d. | atom bond |
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58.
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Unlike thio neutralization, the neutralization process of hydroxide relaxers
does not involve:
a. | oxidation | c. | restoring | b. | residues | d. | rinsing |
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59.
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The application of a sodium hydroxide relaxer causes the hair to:
a. | swell and soften | c. | lift and harden | b. | expand and harden | d. | swell and break |
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60.
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The neutralizing of remaining hydroxide ions to lower the pH of the hair and
scalp after a relaxer requires a(n):
a. | oxidation shampoo | c. | normalizing lotion | b. | concentrated lotion | d. | conditioning
shampoo |
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61.
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Relaxers that contain only one component and are used without mixing are:
a. | neutralizing relaxers | c. | guanidine hydroxide relaxers | b. | metal hydroxide
relaxers | d. | calcium hydroxide
relaxers |
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62.
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Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called:
a. | metal relaxers | c. | lye relaxers | b. | no-lye relaxers | d. | medium relaxers |
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63.
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Relaxers that contain two components and must be mixed immediately prior to use
are:
a. | guanidine hydroxide relaxers | c. | no-lye relaxers | b. | ammonium
thioglycolate | d. | potassium
hydroxide relaxers |
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64.
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Relaxers are often marketed and sold as no-mix-no-lye relaxers are:
a. | potassium hydroxide relaxers | c. | ammonium thio
relaxers | b. | sodium hydroxide relaxers | d. | guanidine hydroxide relaxers |
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65.
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Hydroxide relaxers that do not require the application of a protective base
are:
a. | no-base relaxers | c. | cream relaxers | b. | base cream relaxers | d. | metal hydroxide
relaxers |
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66.
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The difference in the strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by
the concentration of:
a. | lanthionization | c. | ammonia | b. | hydroxide | d. | coatings |
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67.
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To avoid overprocessing and scalp irritation in a virgin relaxer application,
start at least:
a. | 1/4 inch away from scalp | c. | at the scalp | b. | 1/2 inch away from
scalp | d. | at the hair
ends |
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68.
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Conditioners with an acidic pH that condition and restore the natural pH of hair
after a relaxer but prior to shampooing are:
a. | lanthionization solutions | c. | swelling
solutions | b. | natural solutions | d. | normalizing solutions |
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69.
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After applying a relaxer, periodic strand tests are performed to
determine:
a. | stretching time | c. | processing time | b. | neutralizing time | d. | rinsing time |
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70.
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During a relaxer strand test, hair pressed with the back of the comb, fingers,
or applicator brush that continues to curl is:
a. | sufficiently relaxed | c. | normalized | b. | insufficiently relaxed | d. | overprocessed |
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71.
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The application for chemical relaxers should be started in the most resistant
area, usually the:
a. | back of head | c. | scalp area | b. | front hairline | d. | side area |
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72.
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Prior to sodium hydroxide relaxer retouch service, the hair should never
be:
a. | sectioned | c. | combed | b. | detangled | d. | shampooed |
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73.
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During a retouch relaxer application, to avoid overprocessing or hair breakage,
do not:
a. | smooth hair ends | c. | overlap the relaxer | b. | smooth the relaxer | d. | apply to resistant areas
first |
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74.
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A combination of a thio relaxer and a thio permanent wrapped on large rods is
a:
a. | permanent wave | c. | hard curl perm | b. | soft curl perm | d. | relaxer retouch |
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75.
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Hair that is treated with hydroxide relaxers must not be treated with:
a. | conditioning solutions | c. | thio relaxers | b. | color shampoos | d. | normalizing
solutions |
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